![]() ![]() In terms of the electric motor installation arrangement, e-bikes are classified into three types: back-wheel hub motor, mid-drive motor, and front-wheel h ub motor. As it can be seen, there are various combinations of power, weight and maximum speed for different e-bikes and each of them may be used depending on the applications and regulations. 1(b) based on their power and battery capacity. To have a better view about the cost of selected e-bikes, the per-unit costs based on the most expensive studied e-bikes are presented in Fig. In addition to the electric motor, the battery and control unit are the other factors affecting the price of the e-bikes. As mentioned before, the price of an e - bike does not only depend on the electric motor. ![]() The output po wer, weight, and maximum speed ratings for sample existing commercial e-bikes are collected and presented in Fig. Due to the higher speed allowed in type three e-bikes, they are banned from certain bike trails and paths. Type three of e-bikes is similar to the type one, but its speed may be increased up to 45 km/h. The speed of e-bikes of types one and two is limited to 32 km/h and can be used in places where traditional speed bicycle riding is permitted. The designed PMaSynRM is fabricated and tested to validate the power density and torque ripple improvements compared to an existing Golden Motor MP2 BLDCM counterpa rt.Īnd is driven by an electric motor. ![]() Not yet covered in the existing literature and industry reports for e-bike applications, an in-hub outer rotor PMaSynRM is designed in this paper to improve the power density and reduce the torque ripple characteristi cs for replacing a 500 W commerci al BLDCM. Permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance machine (PMaSynRM) is an attractive option to this end because of its adjustable reluctance torque component and the recent advancemen ts in finite element (FE)-based design algorithms and implementation. However, the f luctuating price and scarcity of NdFeB magnets used in BLDCMs, lower power density compared to AC machines and high torque ripple have pushed researchers in industry and academia to investigate technology alternatives to BLDCMs in e-bike applications. Brushless DC motor (BLDCM) is a conventional machine type used in the electric bike (e-bike) industry due to its simple controllabil ity and drive system. ![]()
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